Insulin (Rezolute)

AFM24 combination with atezolizumab: 24 patients treated in the EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort; in 17 response-evaluable patients: 1 complete response (CR), 3 partial responses (PRs) and 8 stable diseases (SDs) were reported. Objective response rate (ORR) is 23.5% (4/17) and disease control rate (DCR) is 70.6% (12/17). Median follow-up of > 7 months, 8 of 17 patients continue on treatment.The EGFR wild type (EGFRwt) cohort of treatment refractory NSCLC patients has treated 40 patients; ORR and safety data is expected in Q4 2024 Acimtamig (AFM13) combination with AlloNK® (AB-101): Enrollment for relapsed/refractory (r/r) Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) patients in cohorts 1 and 2 is completed (n=12); cohort 3 and cohort 4 recruitment on track (10/12 patients). In cohort 1 and 2, an ORR of 83.3% (10/12) and a complete response rate (CRR) of 50% (6/12) were observed.AFM28 monotherapy phase 1 dose-escalation study: Of the 6 patients with relapsed/refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (r/r AML) treated at dose level 6 (300 mg weekly), 3 patients showed either a CR or complete response with incomplete hematological recovery (CRi). Based on the encouraging activity an additional 6 patients will be recruited at 300 mg.Cash runway into H2 2025: As of June 30, 2024, cash, cash equivalents and investments were €34.4 million. Based on operating and financial plans cash-runway projected into H2 2025. MANNHEIM, Germany, Sept. 05, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Affimed N.V. (Nasdaq: AFMD) (“Affimed” or the “Company”), a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company committed to giving patients back their innate ability to fight cancer, today reported financial results and provided an update on clinical and corporate progress for the quarter ended June 30, 2024. “We continue to generate compelling data across our clinical programs," said Dr. Andreas Harstrick, Chief Medical Officer of Affimed. "In solid tumors, our combination study is making significant progress, and we are excited to see objective responses and meaningful tumor control, even in patients with EGFR mutant lung cancer — a disease often resistant to immunomodulation. It's particularly encouraging that these outcomes are achieved without chemotherapy, which is important given the intolerance many pretreated patients have for such treatments. Our programs in hematologic malignancies are also advancing well. Recent updates from the 12 patients of the LuminICE-203 study reveal remarkable efficacy, in an advanced Hodgkin lymphoma population that had exhausted all approved treatment options. Additionally, AFM28 continues to show promise as a monotherapy in AML. The data shared today underscore our strategy of leveraging the innate immune system in our fight against cancer and reinforce our commitment to advancing these clinical programs." Pipeline Highlights: AFM24 (EGFR / CD16A)In the AFM24-102 trial (combination with atezolizumab): 24 heavily pretreated EGFRmut NSCLC patients are in the trial; in 17 patients that are response evaluable per protocol, 1 CR, 3 PRs and 8 SDs were observed. All responses have been confirmed by follow-up scan. ORR is 23.5% (4/17) and DCR is 70.6% (12/17). Median follow-up is > 7 months and 8 out of the 17 patients continue on treatment. All 4 responders remained on treatment for at least 7 months. Final PFS data from the EGFRmut cohort is expected at a scientific conference in H1 2025.All patients were pretreated with TKIs (~60% with third generation TKIs) and the majority (76%) had also received platinum-based chemotherapy.The EGFRwt NSCLC cohort of patients who failed chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 has continued enrollment, with 40 patients on trial. ORR and safety for this cohort is expected in Q4 2024. In May, the Company received FDA Fast Track designation for the combination treatment of AFM24 with atezolizumab for EGFRwt NSCLC patients. Acimtamig (AFM13; CD30 / CD16A)High efficacy observed in the first 12 patients with advanced HL in cohorts 1 and 2 of the Phase 2 LuminICE-203 study showing an ORR of 83.3 % and CRR of 50%. In the multi-center, multi-cohort, open-label Phase 2 LuminICE-203 trial, patients with advanced, treatment refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma receive combination of CD30-targeting innate cell engager acimtamig (AFM13) with AlloNK.All HL patients were heavily pretreated with a median of 4 lines of prior therapy, having exhausted all standard of care treatment options, including combination chemotherapy, brentuximab vedotin and checkpoint inhibitors; 50% of patients had also failed prior autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT).Enrollment in cohorts 1 and 2 (acimtamig doses of 200 mg or 300 mg; AlloNK 2x109 per week for 3 weeks) is completed: In the 12 patients, 6 CRs and 4 PRs were observed.Enrollment in cohorts 3 and 4 (acimtamig 200 mg or 300 mg; 4x109 in week one and 2x109 AlloNK in weeks 2 and 3) has progressed well with 10/12 patients on study.Treatment related adverse events were consistent with previous experience and side effects related to acimtamig and AlloNK were well manageable with standard of care treatment.Data from the study is expected to be presented at a scientific conference in Q4 2024. AFM28 (CD123 / CD16A)In the sixth cohort (300 mg) of the multi-center Phase 1 open-label, dose-escalation study (AFM28-101), of AFM28 monotherapy in CD123-positive r/r AML, 3 out of 6 patients (50%) showed a CR or CRi. Of 6 patients treated at dose level 6 at 300 mg, 1 patient showed a CR, 2 patients a CRi for a composite complete response rate (CRcR, defined as CR+CRi) of 50% (3/6) and 2 patients achieved SD.Of 6 patients treated at dose level 5 at 250 mg, 1 patient showed a CR, lasting 6 months, a CRR of 17% (1/6) ; the other 5 patients achieved SD as best response.No dose-limiting toxicities were reported in dose levels 5 and 6.An additional 6 patients will be enrolled at 300 mg of AFM28.Data from the study is expected to be presented at a scientific conference in Q4 2024. Upcoming Milestones: LuminICE-203: Efficacy update of cohorts 1-4 expected to be presented at a future scientific conference in Q4 2024.AFM24-102: ORR and safety data from the EGFRwt cohort in Q4 2024.AFM28-101: Data from the study is expected to be presented at a scientific conference in Q4 2024.AMF24-102: Mature PFS data from EGFRmut and EGFRwt cohorts expected to be presented at a future conference in H1 2025. Second Quarter 2024 Financial HighlightsAffimed’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Euros (€), the Company’s functional and presentation currency. As of June 30, 2024, cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments totaled €34.4 million. Based on current operating and budget assumptions, the Company expects that cash, cash equivalents and investments, together with anticipated proceeds from its ATM program and the sale of AbCheck, will finance its operations into the second half of 2025. Net cash used in operating activities for the quarter ended June 30, 2024 was €16.5 million compared to €33.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. The decline was mainly due to lower research and development expenditure and personnel expenses due to the reduction in head count. Total revenue for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, was €0.2 million compared with €1.4 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. Revenue in 2024 only related to a platform license provided to Genentech and 2023 predominantly related to the Roivant research collaborations for which all work has been completed. Research and development expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, were €11.7 million compared to €25.3 million in 2023. The decrease was primarily a result of lower expenses associated with the development of acimtamig and AFM24, due to a decrease in procurement of clinical trial material, clinical trial costs and manufacturing costs, decrease in head count due to the corporate restructuring. General and administrative expenses for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, were €4.0 million compared to €6.3 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was due to declines in headcount, in legal and consulting expenses, insurance expenses and share-based payment expenses. Net loss for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, was €15.5 million, or €1.01 loss per common share compared with a net loss of €29.4 million, or €1.97 loss per common share, for the quarter ended June 30, 2023. The weighted number of common shares outstanding for the quarter ended June 30, 2024, was 15,300,912 shares. Additional information regarding these results will be included in the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2024, included in Affimed’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Note on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Affimed prepares and reports consolidated financial statements and financial information in accordance with IFRS as issued by the IASB. None of the financial statements were prepared in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles. Affimed maintains its books and records in Euro. Conference Call and Webcast InformationAffimed will host a conference call and webcast on September 5, 2024, at 8:30 a.m. EDT / 14:30 CET to discuss second quarter 2024 financial results and corporate developments. The conference call will be available via phone and webcast. The live audio webcast of the call will be available in the “Webcasts” section on the “Investors” page of the Affimed website at https://www.affimed.com/investors/webcasts-and-corporate-presentation/. To access the call by phone, please use link: https://register.vevent.com/register/BI53034c7725d043b0854377307e1cd8a3, and you will be provided with dial-in details and a pin number. Note: To avoid delays, we encourage participants to dial into the conference call 15 minutes ahead of the scheduled start time. A replay of the webcast will be accessible at the same link for 30 days following the call. About Affimed N.V.Affimed (Nasdaq: AFMD) is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company committed to giving patients back their innate ability to fight cancer by actualizing the untapped potential of the innate immune system. The Company’s innate cell engagers (ICE®) enable a tumor-targeted approach to recognize and kill a range of hematologic and solid tumors. ICE® are generated on the Company’s proprietary ROCK® platform which predictably generates customized molecules that leverage the power of innate immune cells to destroy tumor cells. A number of ICE® molecules are in clinical development, being studied as mono- or combination therapy. Headquartered in Mannheim, Germany, Affimed is led by an experienced team of biotechnology and pharmaceutical leaders united by a bold vision to stop cancer from ever derailing patients’ lives. For more about the Company’s people, pipeline and partners, please visit: www.affimed.com. Forward-Looking StatementThis press release contains forward-looking statements. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, which are often indicated by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “goal,” “intend,” “look forward to,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places throughout this release and include statements regarding the Company’s intentions, beliefs, projections, outlook, analyses and current expectations concerning, among other things, the potential of acimtamig (AFM13), AFM24, AFM28 and the Company’s other product candidates, the value of its ROCK® platform, its ongoing and planned preclinical development and clinical trials, its collaborations and development of its products in combination with other therapies, the timing of and its ability to make regulatory filings and obtain and maintain regulatory approvals for its product candidates, its intellectual property position, its collaboration activities, its ability to develop commercial functions, clinical trial data, its results of operations, cash needs, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, future transactions, growth and strategies, the industry in which it operates, the macroeconomic trends that may affect the industry or the Company, such as the instability in the banking sector experienced in the first quarter of 2023, impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, the benefits to Affimed of orphan drug designation, the impact on its business by political events, war, terrorism, business interruptions and other geopolitical events and uncertainties, such as the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the fact that the current clinical data of (AFM13) acimtamig in combination with NK cell therapy is based on AFM13 (acimtamig) precomplexed with fresh allogeneic cord blood-derived NK cells from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, as opposed to Artiva’s AlloNK® (AB-101) and other uncertainties and factors described under the heading “Risk Factors” in Affimed’s filings with the SEC. Given these risks, uncertainties, and other factors, you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, and the Company assumes no obligation to update these forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future. Investor Relations Contact Alexander FudukidisDirector, Investor RelationsE-Mail: a.fudukidis@affimed.com Tel.: +1 (917) 436-8102 Affimed N.V. Unaudited consolidated interim statements of comprehensive loss (in € thousand) For the three months ended June 30 For the six months ended June 30 2024 2023 2024 2023 Revenue 154 1,390 309 5,900 Other income - net 56 717 233 1,127 Research and development expenses (11,727)(25,273) (27,118)(54,804)General and administrative expenses (4,036)(6,276) (8,512)(13,126) Operating loss (15,553)(29,442) (35,088)(60,903) Finance income / (costs) - net 105 47 465 (472) Loss before tax (15,448)(29,395) (34,623)(61,375) Income taxes (3)0 (3)(3) Loss for the period (15,451)(29,395) (34,626)(61,378) Total comprehensive loss (15,451)(29,395) (34,626)(61,378) Basic and diluted loss per share in € per share (undiluted = diluted) (1.01)(1.97) (2.28)(4.11)Weighted number of common shares outstanding 15,300,912 14,933,934 15,212,555 14,933,934 Affimed N.V. Consolidated interim statements of financial position (in € thousand) June 30, 2024 (unaudited) December 31, 2023ASSETS Non-current assets Intangible assets 18 25 Leasehold improvements and equipment 2,331 4,905 Right-of-use assets 5,638 8,039 7,987 12,969 Current assets Cash and cash equivalents 10,764 38,529 Investments 23,683 33,518 Other financial assets 878 851 Trade and other receivables 5,717 5,327 Inventories 0 463 Other assets and prepaid expenses4,145 5,500 45,187 84,188 TOTAL ASSETS 53,174 97,157 EQUITY AND LIABILITIES Equity Issued capital 1,568 1,500 Capital reserves 599,131 593,666 Fair value reserves (1,231) (1,231)Accumulated deficit (570,754) (536,128)Total equity 28,714 57,807 Non current liabilities Borrowings3,603 6,319 Contract liabilities 155 464 Lease liabilities 4,030 6,660 Total non-current liabilities 7,788 13,443 Current liabilities Trade and other payables 9,171 18,916 Borrowings5,833 5,833 Lease liabilities 1,049 539 Contract liabilities619 619 Total current liabilities 16,672 25,907 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 53,174 97,157 Affimed N.V. Unaudited consolidated interim statements of cash flows (in € thousand) For the six months ended June 30 2024 2023Cash flow from operating activities Loss for the period (34,626) (61,378)Adjustments for the period: - Income taxes 3 3 - Depreciation and amortization 2,520 577 - Net gain on disposal of leasehold improvements and equipment (24) 0 - Loss from write-down of inventories 456 0 - Share-based payments 1,472 7,389 - Finance income / (costs) - net (465) 472 (30,664) (52,937)Change in trade and other receivables (391) 543 Change in inventories 7 (66)Change in other assets and prepaid expenses 1,525 (5,473)Change in trade, other payables, provisions and contract liabilities (10,308) (8,867) (39,831) (66,800)Interest received 155 924 Paid interest (648) (695)Paid income tax (3) (3)Net cash used in operating activities (40,327) (66,574) Cash flow from investing activities Purchase of leasehold improvements and equipment, including upfront payments for right-of-use assets (20) (11)Cash received from the sale of financial assets 10,857 0 Cash received from the sale of leasehold improvements and equipment 768 0 Net cash generated / (used) for investing activities 11,605 (11) Cash flow from financing activities Proceeds from issue of common shares, including exercise of share-based payment awards 4,256 0 Transaction costs related to issue of common shares (112) 0 Repayment of lease liabilities (413) (249)Repayment of borrowings (2,917) (2,965)Net cash generated / (used) for financing activities 814 (3,214) Exchange-rate related changes of cash and cash equivalents 143 (431)Net changes to cash and cash equivalents (27,908) (69,799)Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period 38,529 190,286 Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period 10,764 120,056 Affimed N.V. Unaudited consolidated interim statements of changes in equity for the year (in € thousand) Issued capital Capital reserves Fair Value reserves Accumulated deficit Total equity Balance as of January 1, 2023 1,493 582,843 (1,231) (430,190) 152,915 Equity-settled share-based payment awards 7,389 7,389 Loss for the period (61,378) (61,378) Balance as of June 30, 2023 1,493 590,232 (1,231) (491,568) 98,926 Balance as of January 1, 2024 1,500 593,666 (1,231) (536,128) 57,807 Issue of common shares 68 3,993 4,061 Equity-settled share-based payment awards 1,472 1,472 Loss for the period (34,626) (34,626) Balance as of June 30, 2024 1,568 599,131 (1,231) (570,754) 28,714

引言 抑郁症是一种异质性较强的神经精神综合症，常伴随突发性情绪波动，已成为全球主要的致残性疾病之一。尽管神经影像学研究已揭示抑郁症患者的大脑结构和连接存在轻微差异，但这些差异难以提供明确的机制洞见，也未能成为识别抑郁症发病风险的有力标志。近年来，精准功能图谱(precision functional mapping)作为一种新兴技术，基于密集的纵向神经影像数据，展示了大脑网络拓扑及连接在个体之间存在显著差异，并与行为变化紧密相关。然而，精准功能图谱尚未广泛应用于抑郁症的研究中。 9月4日Nature的研究报道“Frontostriatal salience network expansion in individuals in depression”，通过应用精准功能图谱技术，分析了抑郁症患者前纹状体显著网络(frontostriatal salience network)的拓扑变化。结果显示，抑郁症患者的显著网络几乎扩大了一倍，且这种网络扩展主要由网络边界的位移引起，并呈现出三种不同的侵入模式。更重要的是，这种网络扩展在时间上保持稳定，不受情绪状态的影响，且在儿童时期即可检测到，提示其可能是抑郁症风险的稳定标志。此外，研究还发现，前纹状体回路连接的变化与特定症状的波动密切相关，能够预测未来快感缺失(anhedonia)等症状的出现。 通过该研究，抑郁症患者的大脑网络拓扑变化得到了首次大规模验证，前纹状体显著网络的扩展不仅可能作为抑郁症的风险标志，还为未来的情绪状态变化提供了预测依据。这一发现为理解抑郁症的神经机制提供了新的视角，并为神经调节治疗的个性化干预提供了潜在的靶点。 抑郁症（Depression）是全球范围内一种广泛存在的精神疾病，影响着数以亿计的人群。虽然目前已经有相对有效的治疗方法，如药物和心理治疗，但许多患者仍然对现有治疗反应不佳，甚至复发风险极高。尤其是在神经影像学方面，尽管已有研究表明抑郁症患者的大脑结构和功能存在异常，但这些发现通常难以用于预测个体的病程或治疗反应。 为了深入了解抑郁症患者大脑网络拓扑的变化，该研究采用了多回波功能磁共振成像（multi-echo fMRI）技术，以提高数据的信噪比和图像质量。研究通过两大数据集收集数据，分别为Stanford University和Weill Cornell Late-onset Depression数据集。 Stanford University数据集：使用GE SIGNA 3T机器采集的fMRI数据（TR: 1330 ms; TE1: 13.7 ms，TE2: 31.60 ms，TE3: 49.50 ms，TE4: 67.40 ms），每次扫描获取338个影像体积，总共时长为7分30秒。每次扫描前采集反向相位编码的自旋回波EPI图像。T1加权和T2加权解剖图像也在每次扫描结束时获取。 Weill Cornell Late-onset Depression数据集：使用Siemens Magnetom Prisma 3T机器采集的fMRI数据，采集时长为10分钟38秒（TR: 1300 ms; TE1: 12.60 ms，TE2: 29.51 ms，TE3: 46.42 ms，TE4: 63.33 ms）。 显著网络拓展 研究发现，抑郁症患者的显著网络（salience network, SAL）显著扩展，尤其是前纹状体显著网络的区域几乎占据了健康对照组两倍的大脑皮层面积（从3.17%扩展至5.71%）。这种扩展不仅体现在网络边界的移动上，还包括异位入侵现象，即显著网络出现在大脑中非典型区域的孤立斑块。 抑郁症患者前纹状体显著网络（frontostriatal salience network）的显著扩展（Credit: Nature） 显著网络的扩展：与健康对照组相比，抑郁症患者的大脑皮层中显著网络的面积扩大了近两倍。健康对照组的显著网络平均占据大脑皮层的3.17%，而抑郁症患者这一比例则达到了5.71%，这是一个显著的差异（Cohen's d = 1.99），且在多次独立样本中得到了重复验证。 扩展模式的稳定性：图中显示，显著网络的扩展模式在抑郁症患者中是稳定的，不受情绪状态的变化影响。此外，这种网络扩展还出现在儿童中，提示其可能在青春期前即已存在，并可能与后续抑郁症的发病有关。 与症状相关的前纹状体回路连接变化：研究进一步展示了前纹状体的连接变化与特定抑郁症症状（如快感缺失）的波动之间的联系，这些连接变化能够预测未来症状的发展。 三种扩展模式 通过聚类分析，研究揭示了显著网络扩展的三种主要模式。这些模式涉及前顶叶网络（frontoparietal network, FP）、默认模式网络（default mode network, DMN）和皮层操作网络（cingulo-opercular network, CO）的不同受影响程度。 抑郁症患者显著网络（salience network）扩展的三种模式（Credit: Nature） 显著网络的扩展模式：研究通过分析发现，抑郁症患者显著网络的扩展并非随机发生，而是主要表现为三种不同的模式。扩展模式主要影响了三个高级功能网络：默认模式网络（default mode network, DMN）、前顶叶网络（frontoparietal network, FP）和皮层操作网络（cingulo-opercular network, CO）。 边界移动和异位入侵：图中展示了显著网络扩展的具体机制，包括网络边界的移动（border shifts）和异位入侵（ectopic intrusions）。其中，网络边界的移动更为常见，占据了主要的扩展形式，意味着显著网络向邻近的功能网络区域侵入，改变了大脑不同网络间的边界。 扩展的方向性和具体区域：显著网络扩展主要影响了大脑的异质模式区（heteromodal association areas），如前扣带回（anterior cingulate cortex, ACC）、前脑岛（anterior insular cortex, AI）和侧前额叶皮层（lateral prefrontal cortex, LPFC）。不同的扩展模式分别影响了这些区域中的不同功能网络。 三种主要扩展模式：研究通过聚类分析将抑郁症患者的显著网络扩展模式分为三类，每一类的扩展主要影响特定的功能网络。例如，某些患者的显著网络主要侵入默认模式网络，而另一些患者则主要侵入前顶叶网络或皮层操作网络。 显著网络（salience network）在抑郁症患者中的扩展具有时间上的稳定性，并且这种扩展在症状出现之前就已存在（Credit: Nature） 显著网络的稳定性：显著网络的扩展在抑郁症患者中是稳定的，不随着时间或情绪状态的变化而改变。无论患者处于抑郁期还是情绪缓解期，显著网络的面积在多个时间点的扫描中保持一致。这表明显著网络的扩展是抑郁症患者的一个持续性特征，而不是短期情绪波动的结果。 显著网络与抑郁症状的关联：研究表明，显著网络的大小与抑郁症状的严重程度（如Hamilton抑郁量表评分，HDRS6）之间没有显著相关性。这意味着，虽然显著网络在抑郁症患者中显著扩展，但这一扩展并不随症状的波动而发生明显变化。 显著网络在症状出现前的存在：在儿童和青少年中，即使在没有显现抑郁症状的情况下，显著网络的扩展已经存在。通过对青少年进行的纵向研究发现，那些在青春期后期发展出抑郁症状的儿童，在早期的脑部扫描中已经表现出显著网络的扩展。这一发现提示显著网络的扩展可能是抑郁症的早期标志，有助于识别未来可能发展出抑郁症的人群。 症状预测 通过纵向数据分析，研究发现，显著网络的拓扑变化与抑郁症症状，如快感缺失（anhedonia）和焦虑的波动有显著关联。特别是前纹状体-腹侧扣带回的功能连接变化可以预测未来症状的严重程度。 前纹状体显著网络（frontostriatal salience network）的功能连接与抑郁症患者快感缺失（anhedonia）和焦虑（anxiety）症状波动之间的关系（Credit: Nature） 快感缺失症状的预测：研究通过对深度采样的抑郁症患者进行纵向扫描，发现前纹状体显著网络的功能连接强度与快感缺失症状的波动密切相关。特别是，核杏仁（nucleus accumbens, NAc）与前扣带回（anterior cingulate cortex, ACC）之间的功能连接变化与快感缺失症状的严重程度成负相关，即功能连接越弱，快感缺失症状越严重。此外，这种连接变化不仅与当前的症状有关，还可以预测未来一段时间内快感缺失症状的变化。 焦虑症状的关联：在焦虑症状的波动中，前脑岛（anterior insula, AI）与前纹状体的功能连接起到了关键作用。研究发现，核杏仁与前脑岛之间的连接强度变化与焦虑症状密切相关，功能连接越弱，焦虑症状越严重。与快感缺失类似，这种连接变化在患者的症状波动中起到了重要作用，并能够追踪症状的变化。 不同症状的特异性：图中展示了不同功能连接对不同抑郁症状的特异性影响。核杏仁与前扣带回的连接主要与快感缺失相关，而核杏仁与前脑岛的连接则与焦虑症状相关。这表明，显著网络的不同部分在调节不同症状方面起到不同的作用，提示了抑郁症的症状特异性网络机制。 纵向数据中的预测能力：研究还显示，前纹状体显著网络的功能连接不仅能够预测当前的症状变化，还可以在一段时间内预测未来的症状波动。这为通过神经网络的功能连接变化来早期识别和干预抑郁症患者的症状提供了潜在的可能性。 前纹状体显著网络的拓展现象不仅揭示了抑郁症患者在大脑网络上的显著改变，还为未来的个性化诊断和治疗提供了新的线索。通过精准功能图谱（precision functional mapping）技术，研究不仅揭示了抑郁症个体之间的显著差异，也展示了如何通过网络拓扑变化预测症状的发展。未来，这一发现有望成为抑郁症早期诊断和治疗的新标志，并可能帮助识别对治疗反应较差的患者。 参考文献 Lynch CJ, Elbau IG, Ng T, Ayaz A, Zhu S, Wolk D, Manfredi N, Johnson M, Chang M, Chou J, Summerville I, Ho C, Lueckel M, Bukhari H, Buchanan D, Victoria LW, Solomonov N, Goldwaser E, Moia S, Caballero-Gaudes C, Downar J, Vila-Rodriguez F, Daskalakis ZJ, Blumberger DM, Kay K, Aloysi A, Gordon EM, Bhati MT, Williams N, Power JD, Zebley B, Grosenick L, Gunning FM, Liston C. Frontostriatal salience network expansion in individuals in depression. Nature. 2024 Sep 4. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07805-2. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39232159. https://www-nature-com.libproxy1.nus.edu.sg/articles/d41591-024-00013-5 责编|探索君 排版|探索君 转载请注明来源于【生物探索】 End 往期精选 围观 一文读透细胞死亡(Cell Death) | 24年Cell重磅综述（长文收藏版） 热文 Cell | 是什么决定了细胞的大小？ 热文 Nature | 2024年值得关注的七项技术 热文 Nature | 自身免疫性疾病能被治愈吗？科学家们终于看到了希望 热文 CRISPR技术进化史 | 24年Cell 综述