作者: Drou, Nizar ; Arnoux, Marc ; Gunsalus, Kristin C. ; Shibl, Ahmed A. ; Voolstra, Christian R. ; Isaac, Ashley ; Fei, Cong ; Ochsenkühn, Michael A. ; Amin, Shady A. ; Santos, Miraflor P. ; Behringer, Gregory ; Cárdenas, Anny

SignificancePhytoplankton are major primary producers in the marine environment that excrete a wide range of metabolites. These exudates support the growth of surrounding bacteria that in turn provide phytoplankton cells with resources and growth cofactors to proliferate. Unlike multicellular eukaryotes with dedicated structures housing microbiomes, mechanisms enabling unicellular eukaryotic phytoplankton hosts to modulate potential symbionts and opportunists within a natural microbial community are unknown. Exposure of a host phytoplankton cell to its natural microbial community triggers major transcriptional and metabolic reprogramming to release unique secondary metabolites that selectively enable growth and attachment of symbiotic taxa while simultaneously suppressing the colonization of nonsymbiont bacteria. These results suggest strong and highly selective microbiome-modulating strategies shared across the unicellular and multicellular eukaryotic lineages.

2007-06-15·Free Radical Biology and Medicine2区 · 医学

Targeting lipoic acid to mitochondria: Synthesis and characterization of a triphenylphosphonium-conjugated α-lipoyl derivative

2区 · 医学

Article

作者: Michael P. Murphy ; Abdul-Rahman B. Manas ; Meredith F. Ross ; Robin A.J. Smith ; Alejandra Sanjuan-Pla ; Stephanie E. Brown

Lipoic acid (LA) is a widely used antioxidant that protects mitochondria from oxidative damage in vivo. Much of this protection is thought to be due to the reduction of LA to dihydrolipoic acid (LAH(2)). This reduction is catalyzed in vivo by thioredoxin, thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), and lipoamide dehydrogenase. We hypothesized that specifically targeting LA to mitochondria, the site of most cellular reactive oxygen species production, would make it a more effective antioxidant. To do this, we made a novel molecule, MitoLipoic acid, by attaching lipoic acid to the lipophilic triphenylphosphonium cation. MitoL was accumulated rapidly within mitochondria several-hundred fold driven by the membrane potential. MitoL was reduced to the active antioxidant dihydroMitoLipoic acid by thioredoxin and by lipoamide dehydrogenase but not by TrxR. In isolated mitochondria or cells MitoL was only slightly reduced (5-10%), while, in contrast, LA was extensively reduced. This difference was largely due to the reaction of LA with TrxR, which did not occur for MitoL. Furthermore, in cells MitoL was quantitatively converted to an S-methylated product. As a consequence of its lack of reduction, MitoL was not protective for mitochondria or cells against a range of oxidative stresses. These results suggest that the protective action of LA in vivo may require its reduction to LAH(2) and that this reduction is largely mediated by TrxR.

1973-01-01·Die Pharmazie

[Occurrence of flavonoids in Melissa officinalis L].

Article

作者: Kitze, C ; Thieme, H

项与 Mitolipoic Acid 相关的新闻（医药）

2021-08-24

·GlobeNewswire

Conagen Expands Natural Preservation by Fermentation

Bedford, Mass., Aug. 24, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- As the "clean label" trend thrives in many consumer product categories, Massachusetts-based biotech Conagen announced the launch of a natural preservative, p-Coumaric Acid (PCA). Conagen's PCA is made by fermentation and expands the natural preservatives offered by its commercialization partner Blue California. The natural preservation market is driven by consumer exploration of clean-label food, beverage, personal care, and cosmetic product which do not contain artificial ingredients while still possessing extended shelf life. In a published Mintel report Feb. 2021, U.S. Consumers were polled on relating 'naturalness' with 'health, "43% of U.S. consumers have the perception that "all-natural" is an important factor when choosing healthy food and beverages." Food and beverage manufacturers are moving away from artificial ingredients in their processing and packaging methods. Therefore, new sources of natural preservatives, such as Conagen's natural, fermentation-derived PCA, are ideal for brands to make a seamless change from synthetic preservation ingredients to natural ones. "Our PCA expands the toolbox for product developers looking for a scalable, low cost-in-use, natural solution for increasing the shelf life of food without interfering with the flavor of their products," said Conagen's Vice President of Innovation, Dr. Casey Lippmeier. PCA is a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial compound found in all plants, primarily peanuts, tomatoes, carrots, basil, and garlic. It is a key constituent of wine, vinegar, and honey. Conagen produces PCA by an innovative precision fermentation process. This technology enables the cultivation of micro-organisms programmed to create sustainable, natural ingredients with high purity at a price competitive with synthetic PCA. PCA by fermentation is ideal for industrial applications as well. "A sustainable source of PCA is also desirable as a precursor for different biopolymers and other high-tech biomaterials made with 'green chemistry,"' said Lippmeier. Green chemicals are a part of the global discussion on climate change and large chemical companies' accelerating adoption of sustainable materials. "The novel polymers and co-polymers which can be made by fermentation-derived PCA enable the development of environmentally safer bioplastics and new applications in biomedicine," said Lippmeier. As an alternative to chemically synthesized compounds like bisphenol-A, PCA is a multifunctional natural and sustainable solution found in food to enable new and novel products by formulators and material scientists. In the industrial applications space, PCA is ideal in coatings, composites, adhesives, and polymers for biomedical, transportation, aerospace, electronics, and packaging, just to name a few. Last year, Blue California and Conagen jointly announced the commercialization of a 98% pure natural preservative, Rosavel™ rosmarinic acid, without the intensity of rosemary flavor and color as with most synthetic ingredients. Another important natural preservative molecule derived from Conagen's platform technologies is BC-DHQTM taxifolin, which secured GRAS status as announced last May. ### About Conagen Conagen is making the impossible possible. Our scientists and engineers use the latest synthetic biology tools to develop high-quality sustainable nature-based products through systems of manufacturing on a molecular level and fermentation basis. We focus on the bioproduction of high-value ingredients for food, nutrition, flavors and fragrances, pharmaceutical, and renewable materials industries. About Blue California Blue California is a vertically integrated technology company providing innovative ingredient solutions to global partners. With more than 20 years of innovation success, our ingredients are used in commercial products and applications in the industries of nutrition, personal care, healthy aging and wellness, functional food and beverage, and beauty. Attachment

2020-10-27

·BioSpace

Preclinical Study of Neumentix™ Illuminates Mechanism of Action in the Natural Antioxidant for Cognitive Performance

DES MOINES, Iowa, Oct. 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- Kemin Industries, a global ingredient manufacturer that strives to sustainably transform the quality of life every day for 80 percent of the world with its products and services, announced today new preclinical research that expands the scientific understanding of the mechanism of action of Neumentix™, a natural dietary ingredient shown to support cognitive and physical performance. The study results have been published in the peer-reviewed Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases and Current Neurovascular Research. The new study found that Neumentix helped improve or restore cognitive and motor performance of mice following a mid-brain ischemic stroke. Animals treated with Neumentix before and after the procedure scored better in a sensory-motor functional assessment ("corner test") and presented less motor impairment than untreated animals. Brain tissue analysis showed that Neumentix protected neurons by reducing the expression of markers of oxidative stress (4-HNE, CML, 8-OHdG) and inflammation (Iba-1, MCP-1, TNF-a). The markers over express following a stroke and may worsen brain damage. In addition, the study demonstrated that Neumentix improved the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. The positive results for the Neumentix group in the study were statistically significant compared with the control group. "The present study provides evidence of Neumentix's anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties," said Koji Abe, M.D., Ph.D., Professor and Chairman of Neurology at Okayama University Medical School in Japan and lead researcher for the study. "This research further illuminates the mechanisms by which Neumentix supports brain health and cognitive function." Neumentix's anti-inflammatory benefits result from its potent blend of more than 50 polyphenols. Extracted from a patented strain of spearmint, Neumentix contains high concentrations of rosmarinic acid as well as salvianolic, lithospermic and caftaric acids. These antioxidants protect brain and other cells against free radicals, which are unstable molecules produced naturally in the body as cells turn food into energy, or as a result of exposure to environmental toxins or radiation. Free radicals can damage healthy cells, proteins and DNA – all of which can lead to disease. In addition to reducing oxidative stress and the associated inflammation, research shows that Neumentix protects neurons and supports growth of new neurons. The key polyphenols present in Neumentix also help modulate the level of one of the neurotransmitters involved in learning, memory and neuroprotection. Neumentix is a natural, patented spearmint (Mentha spicata) extract containing a unique, well-characterized phenolic complex rich in powerful antioxidants. Previous clinical research shows that Neumentix may improve working memory, the ability to concentrate and physical performance associated with agility and reaction time. Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and non-GMO Project Verified, Neumentix delivers lasting health benefits without disrupting sleep at night, as is common with stimulants. "This important new research provides further evidence of the antioxidant strength of Neumentix, which protects neurons and gets to the right areas of the brain to enhance the ability to focus and support short-term memory and physical agility," said Kim Edwards, Global Product Manager, Kemin Human Nutrition and Health. "These multiple health benefits can differentiate products and enable a wide range of science-based marketing claims." Neumentix was honored as a 2020 NutraIngredients-USA Award finalist in the category of cognitive function. Neumentix is naturally sourced from a patented line of Sustainably Grown Certified® by SCS Global Services spearmint, which is selected from more than 5,000 varieties for its extraordinary concentration of brain-supporting phenolic acids. About Kemin Industries Kemin Industries ( ) is a global ingredient manufacturer that strives to sustainably transform the quality of life every day for 80 percent of the world with its products and services. The company supplies over 500 specialty ingredients for human and animal health and nutrition, pet food, aquaculture, nutraceutical, food technologies, crop technologies and textile industries. For over half a century, Kemin has been dedicated to using applied science to address industry challenges and offer product solutions to customers in more than 120 countries. Kemin provides ingredients to feed a growing population with its commitment to the quality, safety and efficacy of food, feed and health-related products. Established in 1961, Kemin is a privately held, family-owned-and-operated company with more than 2,800 global employees and operations in 90 countries, including manufacturing facilities in Belgium, Brazil, China, India, Italy, Russia, San Marino, Singapore, South Africa and the United States. © Kemin Industries, Inc. and its group of companies 2020. All rights reserved. ® TM Trademarks of Kemin Industries, Inc., U.S.A. Certain statements, product labeling and claims may differ by geography or as required by government requirements.

100 项与 Mitolipoic Acid 相关的药物交易

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